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Post-Internet
21st century art movement

Post-Internet is a 21st-century art movement involving works that are derived from the Internet or its effects on aesthetics, culture and society.

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Definition

Post-Internet is a loosely-defined term3 that was coined by artist/curator Marisa Olson in an attempt to describe her practice.4 It emerged from mid-2000s discussions about Internet art by Gene McHugh (author of a blog titled "Post-Internet"), and Artie Vierkant (artist, and creator of Image Object sculpture series).5 The movement itself grew out of Internet Art (or Net Art).6 According to the UCCA Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing, rather than referring "to a time “after” the internet", the term refers to "an internet state of mind".7 Eva Folks of AQNB wrote that it "references one so deeply embedded in and propelled by the internet that the notion of a world or culture without or outside it becomes increasingly unimaginable, impossible."8

The term is controversial and the subject of much criticism in the art community.9 Art in America's Brian Droitcour in 2014 opined that the term fails to describe the form of the works, instead "alluding only to a hazy contemporary condition and the idea of art being made in the context of digital technology."10 According to a 2015 article in The New Yorker, the term describes "the practices of artists [whose] artworks move fluidly between spaces, appearing sometimes on a screen, other times in a gallery."11 Fast Company's Carey Dunne summarizes they are "artists who are inspired by the visual cacophony of the web" and notes that "mediums from Second Life portraits to digital paintings on silk to 3-D-printed sculpture" are used.12

There is theoretical overlap with writer and artist James Bridle's term New Aesthetic.1314 Ian Wallace of Artspace writes that "the influential blog The New Aesthetic, run since May 2011 by Bridle, is a pioneering institution in the post-Internet movement" and concludes that "much of the energy around the New Aesthetic seems, now, to have filtered over into the "post-Internet" conversation."15 Post-Internet art is also discussed by Katja Novitskova as being a part of 'New Materialism'.1617

Wallace considers the Post-Internet term to stand for "a new aesthetic era," moving "beyond making work dependent on the novelty of the Web to using its tools to tackle other subjects". He notes that the post-Internet generation "frequently uses digital strategies to create objects that exist in the real world."18 Or as Louis Doulas writes in Within Post-Internet, Part One (2011): "There is a difference then, in an art that chooses to exist outside of a browser window and an art that chooses to stay within it."19

Music

Though the term "post-internet" originated in the contemporary art world its influence has extended into music—particularly electronic, pop, and underground genres.

In the late 2000s, chillwave became the first musical microgenre and subculture to develop primarily through the Internet.20 The term was coined in 2009 by the satirical blog Hipster Runoff as a parody of indie music and microgenres, the movement was spearheaded by artists Neon Indian, Washed Out, and Toro y Moi, who gained attention during 2009's "Summer of Chillwave".2122

Early post-internet music often embraced ironic, nostalgic, self-referential internet aesthetics, defined by microgenres and subcultures such as seapunk and vaporwave23, other influences included the PC Music label founded by A. G. Cook, which gave way to bubblegum bass and hyperpop. These styles incorporated 1990s and early 2000s internet nostalgia, kitsch, online memes, and consumer culture into a new context. They emerged primarily online and were more prevalent there than in traditional performance venues.24

By the late 2010s, post-internet music began to incorporate themes regarding the rise of social media and the increasing dominance of the internet in wider society.2526

Electronic

In the early 2010s, "post-Internet" was popularly associated with the musician Grimes, who used the term to describe her work at a time when post-Internet concepts were not typically discussed in mainstream music spaces.2728

The work of vaporwave pioneers Oneohtrix Point Never (Daniel Lopatin) and James Ferraro have been linked to the pioneering of post-internet related music, Ferraro's Far Side Virtual2930 alongside OPN's Age Of31 have been described as reflections of the post-internet age. Other influential artists include the works of Hayden Dunham and Holly Herndon.3233

Some post-internet musicians have also collaborated with post-internet visual artists, such as Jon Rafman's work with Oneohtrix Point Never on a two-part music video for "Sticky Drama", from Lopatin's 2015 album Garden of Delete.3435 James Ferraro has also experimented with post-internet related visual art, releasing the film "9/11 Simulation in Roblox Environment" in 2017.36

Hip Hop

In the 2000s, influential rappers like Soulja Boy were the first to embrace social media, with him being attributed as the first rapper to have a Twitter account.37 By the late 2000s, influential cloud rap pioneer Lil B38 emerged whose success was linked to internet virality and an embrace of wider internet trends, many early internet rappers operated primarily on the early social media platform Myspace.394041 Lil B's influence inspired a generation of internet-based rappers who embraced and drew inspiration from online spaces, movements, memes, and trends.42

Soundcloud rap has been credited with emerging primarily on the internet.434445 Amarco referred to internet cloud rap artist Yung Lean as "by and large a product of the internet and a leading example of a generation of youths who garner fame through social media."46 Other rappers who have been described as post-internet include JPEGMafia4748 and Edward Skeletrix49, the latter of whom initially gained popularity by experimenting with AI-generated videos to TikTok.

Exhibitions

There have been a number of significant group art shows explicitly exploring Post-Internet themes. There was a 2014 exhibition called Art Post-Internet at Beijing's Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, which ARTnews named one of the "most art exhibitions of the 2010s"50 which "set out to encapsulate the budding movement."51 MoMA curated Ocean of Images in 2015, a show "probing the effects of an image-based post-Internet reality."52 The 2016 9th Berlin Biennale, titled The Present in Drag, curated by the art collective DIS, is described as a Post-Internet exhibition.535455 Other examples include:

  • Raster Raster, Aran Cravey Gallery, Los Angeles, 201456
  • 2015 Triennial: Surround Audience at New Museum, New York, 20155758
  • Zero Zero, Annka Kulty Gallery, London, 201659

Notable artists

See also

Further reading

  • Novitskova, Katja. Post internet survival guide 2010. Berlin: Revolver Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-3-86895-350-3
  • McHugh, Gene. Post Internet. Notes on the Internet and Art 12.29.09 > 09.05.10, Brescia: Link Editions, 2011.

References

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  2. Wallace, Ian (March 18, 2014). "What Is Post-Internet Art? Understanding the Revolutionary New Art Movement". Artspace. http://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/post_internet_art ↩

  3. Amarca, Nico (March 1, 2016). "From Bucket Hats to Pokémon: Breaking Down Yung Lean's Style". High Snobiety. Retrieved May 24, 2020. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/yung-lean-style/ ↩

  4. Dunne, Carey (2014-03-10). "9 Post-Internet Artists You Should Know". Fast Company. Retrieved 2021-01-26. https://www.fastcompany.com/3027356/9-post-internet-artists-you-should-know ↩

  5. Connor, Michael (November 1, 2013). "What's Postinternet Got to do with Net Art?". Rhizome. http://rhizome.org/editorial/2013/nov/1/postinternet/ ↩

  6. Connor, Michael (November 1, 2013). "What's Postinternet Got to do with Net Art?". Rhizome. http://rhizome.org/editorial/2013/nov/1/postinternet/ ↩

  7. "Art Post-Internet". UCCA Center for Contemporary Art. Retrieved 2021-01-23. https://ucca.org.cn/en/exhibition/art-post-internet// ↩

  8. Folks, Eve (3 March 2014). "Concerning Art Post-Internet". AQNB. https://www.aqnb.com/2014/03/03/life-after-internet-concerning-art-post-internet-in-beijing/ ↩

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